| Type | Indigenous |
|---|---|
| Family | Combretaceae |
| Synonym | Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex DC.) Wight & Arn. |
| Synonym_2 | Pentaptera arjuna Roxb.ex DC. |
| Local Name | Neermaruthu |
| Local Name 2 | Aattumaruthu |
| Local Name 3 | Vellamatthi |
| Trade Name | Arjun |
| Habit | Large sized tree |
| Tree Seed | Fruit type: Drupe. Seed weight: 176 to 375 fruits/kg (Sen Gupta, 1937); 1450 fruits/kg (Kumar and Bhanja, 1992; Chacko et al., 2002). Vernacular name: Neermaruthu, Attu-maruthu, Vellamatthi (Malayalam) (Sasidharan, 2004), Arjun, Arjuna, Kahua, Koha (Hindi), Kulamaruthu, Vella marda (Tamil) (Chacko et al.,2002). Flowering season: April to May (Bourdillon, 1908). Fruiting season: Ripens at February to May. December to May (Sen Gupta, 1937; Chacko et al., 2002). November to January (Bourdillon, 1908). Germination type: Epigeous (Chacko et al.,2002). Germination percentage: 61 (Sen Gupta, 1937; Chacko et al., 2002) to 90 (Kumar and Bhanja, 1992; Chacko et al., 2002). Seeds soaked in water for 24 h show 70% and seeds soaked for 24 h give 33 germination percentages (Mohiuddin and Ara, 1999). Method of propagation: By seeds. |
| Botanical Features | Evergreen trees, bole often buttressed; bark surface pinkish-grey, smooth, flaking off in thin layers; blaze pink; exudation red, gummy; branchlets drooping. Leaves simple, opposite to alternate, estipulate; petiole 5-15 mm long, stout, grooved above, glabrous; lamina 7.5-16 x 3.7-8.5 cm, oblong, elliptic, oblong-ovate or oblong-obovate, base round, obtuse or cordate, apex obtuse or round, margin crenulate or entire, glabrous, coriaceous, 2 glands at the base on the lowerside; lateral nerves 10-17 pairs, pinnate, arched towards the margin, flowers bisexual, dull yellow, fruit a drupe, 6 x 3 cm, oblong, 5-7 winged; wings equal, lines on the wings oblique and curving upwards, apex notched; seed one. |
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