| Type | Indigenous |
|---|---|
| Family | Ulmaceae |
| Synonym | Ulmus integrifolia Roxb. |
| Local Name | Aval |
| Trade Name | Indian Elm |
| Habit | Medium to large sized tree |
| Tree Seed | Fruit type: Samara. Seed weight: 29,300 fruits/kg (Chacko et al.,2002). Vernacular name: Aaval (Malayalam); Ayal (Tamil); Thavasai (Kannada); Papri, Kanju (Hindi) (Chacko et al., 2002). Flowering season: January to February. Fruiting season: April to June (FRI, 1981; Chacko et al., 2002). Germination type: Epigeal (Chacko et al.,2002). Germination percentage: Up to 64 (Chacko et al.,2002). Method of propagation: By seeds. |
| Botanical Features | Large deciduous trees, to 25 m high, bark 6-8 mm thick, whitish-grey, smooth; blaze yellowish-grey, streaked with light brown; branchlets pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules lateral, scarious; petiole 5-10 mm, stout, pubescent; ovate-oblong, ovate or elliptic-ovate, base rounded or subcordate, apex acuminate, margin entire, distantly serrate when young, coriaceous, glabrous above, appressed pubescent punctate below; lateral nerves 6-9 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers polygamous, appear before leaves, 5-8 mm across, greenish-purple, in axillary fascicles; tepals 4 or 5, free, anthers pubescent; female flowers with longer pedicels; ovary superior, compressed, long stipitate, 2-winged, 1-celled, ovule 1; style 2 fid. Fruit a samara, 3 cm across, orbicular, wings nerved, glabrous, seed one. |
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