| Type | Indigenous |
|---|---|
| Family | Euphorbiaceae |
| Synonym | Clutia retusa L. |
| Synonym_2 | Bridelia spinosa (Roxb.) Willd. |
| Local Name | Mulluvenga |
| Local Name 2 | Mulkaini |
| Local Name 3 | Kaini |
| Habit | Medium sized tree |
| Tree Seed | Fruit type: Drupe. Seed weight: 1588 - 1764 / 100 g. Vernacular name: Kaini, Mulkkayini (Malayalam), Kaj, Khaja (Hindi), Mullu maruthu, Mullu vengai (Tamil) (Bose et al., 1998). Flowering season: May to August (Troup, 1921). April to July (Bose et al., 1998). Fruiting season: Ripens during January to February (Troup, 1921). Germination type: Epigeous (Troup, 1921). Germination percentage: 75. The IAA treatments give 72 to 75% (Chathurvedi and Bajpai,1999). Method of propagation: By seeds. |
| Botanical Features | Deciduous trees, bark greyish-brown, blaze red; young trees armed with sharp thorns;Leaves simple, alternate; lateral, lanceolate, deciduous; petiole 9-15 mm long, stout, pubescent when young; lamina 5-22 x 3-11 cm, broadly elliptic, oblong, elliptic-oblong, obovate or obovate-oblong, base round, obtuse, truncate, cordate or acute, apex obtuse retuse or subacute, margin entire or slightly crenulate, bright green and glabrous above(turning pinkish-brown before falling), coriaceous; lateral nerves 14-25 pairs,flowers unisexual; greenish-yellow, fruit a drupe, 7-8 mm across, purplish-black,slightly enlarged calyx, epicarp crustaceous; seed one in each pyrene. |
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