| Type | Indigenous |
|---|---|
| Family | Euphorbiaceae |
| Local Name | Cholavenga |
| Local Name 2 | Neeli |
| Local Name 3 | Mlachethayan |
| Local Name 4 | Thiruppu |
| Habit | Large sized tree |
| Tree Seed | Seed weight: 9174/100 g (Troup, 1921). Vernacular name: Cholavenga, Thiruppu, Neeli, Nira, Mlachethayan (Malayalam) (Sasidharan, 2004); Kaen, Punkain, Paniala (Hindi), Thondi, Malachithiyan (Tamil) (Gamble, 1922); Thiyan (Tamil) (Bose et al., 1998). Flowering season: March to May (Troup, 1921). Fruiting season: Ripens during December to February (Troup, 1921). Germination type: Epigeous (Troup, 1921). Germination percentage: The germination percentage of freshly collected mature seeds is 78% over 8 weeks under alternating temperatures of 30/20oC with 8 h of light (Yang-JengChuann et al., 2006). Method of propagation: By seeds, vegetative method. |
| Botanical Features | Deciduous trees, to 30 m high; bark pale brown, thin, scaly; blaze red, fibrous; exudation red, watery; branches spreading. Leaves 3-foliate, alternate, stipulate; stipules lateral, cauducous; rachis 7-20 cm long, stout, grooved above, glabrous; petiolule of lateral leaflets 3-20 mm long, of terminal leaflet 15-40 mm long, slender, glabrous; lamina 5.5-18 x 3-9 cm, elliptic, elliptic-ovate, ovate, obovate or orbicular, base acute or round, apex acuminate, margin serrate, glabrous, membranous; lateral nerves 6-9 pairs, slender, prominent, flowers unisexual, green, in axillary and lateral pedunculate paniculate racemes; fruit a berry, globose 7 mm across, reddish-brown; seeds 3, trigonus. |
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