| Type | Indigenous |
|---|---|
| Family | Dipterocarpaceae |
| Local Name | Thambakam |
| Local Name 2 | Kambakam |
| Local Name 3 | Irumbakam |
| Local Name 4 | Urippu |
| Habit | Large sized tree |
| Tree Seed | Seed weight: 2,470 fruits /kg (with wings) (FRI, 1980; Chacko et al., 2002); 4,100 to 4,586 seeds/kg (without wings) (Tompsett and Kemp, 1996; Chacko et al., 2002) Vernacular name: Kambakam, Thambakam, Irumbukam, Urippu (Malayalam); Irumbugam, Vellai Kongu, Pongu (Tamil); Bovige (Hindi) (Chacko et al., 2002); Kongu (Gamble, 1922). Flowering season: January to February (Troup, 1921), March to April (Bose et al., 1998). Flower during the last week of March to first week of April (Sunilkumar and Sudhakara, 1998). Fruiting season: May and June(Troup, 1921). Fruits ripen by the end of May (Sunilkumar and Sudhakara, 1998). Germination type: Epigeous (Chacko et al., 2002). Germination percentage: 68 to 84 (Tompsett and Kemp, 1996 from Chacko et al., 2002). Seeds sown immediately after collection gave 96% germination. After 12 days of storage, seeds had lost 39% of the initial moisture content and were not viable (Muralikrishna and Chandrashekar, Method of propagation: Vegetative propagation. |
| Botanical Features | Trees, upto 35 m high, bole straight, buttressed, bark 6-10 mm, light brown or grey, mottled with white, rough vertically fissured, fibrous; blaze yellowish; branchlets reddish-brown, slightly pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules small, lateral, deciduous; petiole 10-12 mm, slender, pubescent when young, glabrous when matured, grooved above; lamina 8-11.5 x 3-5 cm, ovate, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, base acute obtuse, cordate or subcordate, apex acute or glabrous, apiculate, coriaceous; lateral nerves 8-12 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae scalariform, faint, domatia present. Flowers bisexual, 3-4 mm across, creamy yellow, in unilateral terminal and upper axillary, tomentose racemose panicles; sepals 5, 3 mm long, tomentose outside; petals 5, 6 mm long, oblong, glabrous, fimbriate at apex; stamens 5, rarely 10, slightly connate; connective of anthers produced into a subulate point; ovary superior, glabrous, ovules 2 in each cell; style short, subulate. Fruit a nut, 5-6 mm long, terete, glabrous; wings 2, 6 x 1.8 cm, 8-10 nerved, glabrous. |
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